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1 vote
vote [vɔt]masculine nouna. ( = approbation) [de projet de loi] vote (de for ) ; [de loi, réforme] passing ; [de crédits] votingb. ( = suffrage) vote• vote blanc/nul blank/spoilt ballot paper• procéder or passer au vote to take a vote* * *vɔtnom masculin1) ( action) voting, vote2) ( opinion exprimée) vote* * *vɔt nm* * *vote nm1 ( action) voting, vote (contre against; en faveur de in favourGB of); droit de vote right to vote; vote d'un budget voting on a budget; vote à main levée/à bulletin secret vote by show of hands/by secret ballot; vote par correspondance postal vote GB, absentee vote US; vote par procuration vote by proxy; vote rural/populaire rural/popular vote; procéder au vote to vote; vote d'une loi passing of a bill;2 ( opinion exprimée) vote; compter les votes to count the votes;vote blanc Pol blank vote; vote de confiance vote of confidence; vote sanction protest vote; vote utile tactical vote.[vɔt] nom masculin1. [voix] vote2. [élection] voteprocédons ou passons au vote let's have ou take a vote3. [d'une loi] passing[de crédits] voting[d'un projet de loi] vote -
2 aliéner
aliéner [aljene]➭ TABLE 61. transitive verb2. reflexive verb► s'aliéner [+ partisans, opinion publique] to alienate* * *aljene
1.
1) ( détourner)ces mesures lui ont aliéné une partie du vote socialiste — these measures have lost him/her a section of the socialist vote
2) Philosophie, Sociologie to alienate [personne]
2.
* * *aljene vt1) PSYCHOLOGIE, PSYCHIATRIE to alienate2) [indépendance, souveraineté] to give up3) [bien] to give up* * *aliéner verb table: céderA vtr3 ( détourner) aliéner qn à qn to alienate sb from sb; ces mesures lui ont aliéné une partie du vote socialiste these measures have lost him a section of the socialist vote;B s'aliéner vpr1 ( détourner) to alienate [confrères, électorat, opinion publique]; s'aliéner qch to lose sth; tu t'es aliéné leur estime you have lost their esteem;[aljene] verbe transitif1. [abandonner - indépendance, liberté, droit] to give up (separable)————————s'aliéner verbe pronominal transitifje me suis aliéné leur amitié (soutenu) I caused them to turn away ou to become estranged (soutenu) from me -
3 Royal , Ségolène
Socialist politician, former députée and former minister, currently Présidente of the Poitou-Charentes regional council. Ségolène Royal was the unsuccessful Socialist candidate in the 2007 French presidential election, that was won by Nicolas Sarkozy. She obtained 47% of the vote in the runoff. In 2007, she briefly managed to reunite a large part of the factious Socialist party behind her candidacy, but failed to keep up the momentum after defeat. In 2008, she was beaten by Martine Aubry in the leadership contest for the Socialist Party. Only a handful of votes separated the two contestants, and there was a recount. Many of Royal's supporters refused to accept the final verdict, and accusations of ballot rigging continued to be made well into 2009.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Royal , Ségolène
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4 Aubry, Martine
b.1950Daughter of Jacques Delors, Martine Aubry is a French socialist politician, elected as leader of the Socialist Party (PS) in November 2008 after a fierce contest with her centre-left rival Ségolène Royal. As minister of employment in the Jospin government from 1997 to 2000, Aubry is best known for having introduced the statutory 35-hour working week into French labour law, a move heavily criticized by her political opponents, as having severly damaged France's international competitiveness and thereby boosted unemployment rather than reducing it. Though the Jospin government to which she belonged was committed to getting rid of "cumul des mandats", Aubry in early 2009 was simultaneously first secretary of the Socialist Party, Mayor of Lille, and president of the Lille metropolitan area. As leader of the PS, she has been much criticised from within, firstly for her very narrow margin of victory in the leadership contest (50.04%), secondly for being a "three-day-week" leader of the PS (the rest of the week being devoted to her functions in Lille) and thirdly for leading the party to its worst electoral score, in the 2009 European elections, where the Socialists obtained under 15% of the vote, just a short way in front of the Green party.Since the Strauss-Kahn affair rocked the Socialist party in 2011, Aubry is seen as one of the two main contenders for nomination as the PS's candidate in the French 2012 Presidential election - the other being her predecessor the more social democratic François Hollande.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Aubry, Martine
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5 Chirac, Jacques
born 1932.(adj. Chiraquien)Former conservative (Gaullist) President of France, from 1995 to 2007. Chirac's reelection in 2002 was an unexpected twist of fortune, caused by the elimination of the front-runner, socialist Lionel Jospin, pipped into third place in the first round of the election by a surge in the vote for the far right wing leader of the French National Front, Jean Marie Le Pen.Facing Le Pen in the second round, Chirac was reelected with a massive majority in what was in essence a contest between the the extreme right and everyone else. Had the second round of the election been a classic left-right contest, Chirac's re-election would not have been guaranteed.Jacques Chirac was a highly ambitious career politician, who worked his way rapidly up the ranks of the Gaullist movement; yet his first steps in politics were actually as a militant for the Communist party, and as a student he sold the communist newspaper l'Humanité on the streets of Paris. After graduating from "Sciences Po", he changed tack, married into Parisian high society, studied at the elite ENA (Ecole Nationale d'Administration), and then began a career in politics, working for the office of the prime minister, Georges Pompidou. In 1976, he was appointed junior minister for employment in the third Pompidou government, and from then after he remained one of the most omnipresent of conservative politicians in France. From Gaullist, he became a supporter of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing during Giscard's 1974 bid for the presidency - against the Gaullist Chaban-Delmas - and was appointed Prime Minister when Giscard won. Two years later, he resigned, complaining that Giscard was cramping his style.This was the start of his rise to the top. No longer prime minister, in 1977 he set about building his own power base, or rather his own two power bases, firstly as leader of a new political party, the RPR, created out of the old Gaullist UDR, and secondly by becoming elected Mayor of Paris. In 1981, he challenged Giscard for the presidency, but came third in the first round of the election, which was won by François Mitterrand. By 1986 he was clear leader of the conservative opposition. When the conservatives won the general election of that year, he was appointed prime minister, ushering in the first period of cohabitation (see below) between a president and a government of different political persuasions.In 1988, he was again a candidate in the presidential election, and again lost; but with his power base in Paris and in the RPR, he then had seven years in which to prepare his third, and first successful, challenge for the presidency.He served two terms as president, the first of seven years, the second of five - though as already stated, his reelection in 2002 was more due to the failure of the Socialist campaign and the surprise presence of Le Pen in the second round, than in his own popularity. It is still rather early to judge the Chirac presidency in a historic perspective, but early appraisals suggest that it will not be remembered as a great period in French history. It was a time during which France dramatically failed to adapt to the changes in the modern world - the end of the Cold War and the challenge of globalisation - and failed to push through the social and economic reforms that were allowing other developed nations such as France, Germany or Spain, to find their place in the new world order.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Chirac, Jacques
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6 Cohn Bendit, Daniel
Nicknamed " Danny le rouge". Cohn-Bendit was the most famous and charismatic of the leaders of the left-wing student uprising in 1 968, which almost toppled the government of General de Gaulle. After the events, Cohn-Bendit, who had dual French and German nationality, left France and settled in Germany, where he more recently achieved prominence as a Euro MP, and member of the German Green Party. He has been a MEP for both the French and the German Green parties, and was reelected in 2009, when he led the greens to a remarkable third place in the popular vote, within a few thousand votes of the Socialist party.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Cohn Bendit, Daniel
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7 électorat
électorat [elεktɔʀa]masculine noun* * *elɛktɔʀanom masculin electorate, voters (pl)* * *elɛktɔʀa nm* * *électorat nm ( d'un pays) electorate, voters; ( d'une circonscription) electorate; (groupe social, politique) voters; l'électorat traditionnel traditional voters; l'électorat du parti the party voters.[elɛktɔra] nom masculin1. [électeurs] electoratel'importance de l'électorat féminin/noir the importance of the women's/the black vote -
8 voter
voter [vɔte]➭ TABLE 11. intransitive verb2. transitive verb* * *vɔte
1.
verbe transitif to vote [budget, amendement]; to pass [projet de loi]
2.
verbe intransitif to vote* * *vɔte1. vi2. vt[loi, décision] to vote for* * *voter verb table: aimerA vtr [personne, comité] to vote [crédit, budget, amendement]; to pass [projet de loi]; voter la suppression/l'amnistie de qch to vote for the suppression of/an amnesty on sth; voter les pleins pouvoirs à qn to vote to give sb full powers.B vi to vote (pour for; contre against); voter écologiste/socialiste to vote for the Greens/socialists, to vote Green/socialist; voter (pour) Durand to vote for Durand; voter par procuration to vote by proxy; voter à main levée/à bulletin secret to vote by a show of hands/by secret ballot; voter contre un projet de loi to vote a bill down; voter utile to vote tactically; voter blanc to cast a blank vote.[vɔte] verbe intransitifvoter à droite/à gauche/au centre to vote for the right/left/centrevoter contre/pour quelque chose to vote against/for something————————[vɔte] verbe transitif[crédits] to vote[loi] to pass[projet de loi] to vote for (inseparable) -
9 majoritairement
majoritairement [maʒɔʀitεʀmɑ̃]adverb[choisir, voter] by a majority* * *maʒɔʀitɛʀmɑ̃1) ( à la majorité) [décider] by a majority (vote)2) ( en majorité)* * *maʒɔʀitɛʀmɑ̃ adv(= en majorité) predominantly* * *majoritairement adv1 ( à la majorité) [décider, choisir] by a majority (vote);2 ( en majorité) province majoritairement catholique/socialiste predominantly Catholic/socialist province; les capitaux ne sont pas majoritairement européens the funds are not, for the most part, European. -
10 Extremism
Compared to most of its European neighbours, France is a country with a surprising level of tolerance of extremism. For instance, in the first round of the 2002 Presidential elections, virtually a third of all votes cast went to an extremist candidate in the first round of voting, on a turnout of 71% of the electorate. Almost 20% of votes went to the extreme right-wing Front National or ex-FN candidates, and 13.81% was split among four trotskyist or communist candidates. While this can be seen in part as a form of protest vote, or lack of confidence in mainstream political parties, it also illustrates the degree to which France remains a polarised society.Extremism has long historic roots in France, going back to absolutism and the collaboration of the Vichy régime on the one hand, and the excesses of the French Revolution on the other. However its current vigour can also be attributed to the fact that mainstream political parties in modern France, on the left and on the right, have done their bit to strenghten the position of extremist parties. Conservative parties have a long history of assimilating centre-left and socialist parties with the Communists and other far-left parties, while the Socialists have persistently sought to make political capital by portraying the mainstream conservative parties as the natural bedfellows of the far right. The paradoxical result has been to give credence and respectability to extremist parties and leaders such as Jean Marie Le Pen of the National Front, or Arlette Laguiller of Lutte Ouvrière.Furthermore, in their keenness to demonstrate even-handedness, French television stations and the media have persistently given coverage to charismatic politicians of the left and the right, turning people such as Le Pen, Laguiller or more recently Olivier Besancenot, into popular chat-show guests.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Extremism
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11 Fabius, Laurent
(Adj. Fabiusien) Born 1946.Former socialist Prime Minister of France (1984-1986) during the first Mitterrand presidency. Graduate of theENA (Ecole Normale d'Administration). Fabius more recently came to much public attention by being the leading proponent of the victorious "no" vote in the French referendum on the European Constitution in 2005.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Fabius, Laurent
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